Structure and Function of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes (MAMs) and Their Role in Cardiovascular Diseases

Figure 1

Major mitochondria-ER tethering complexes. Mitochondria are connected to the ER by several protein complexes. The ER protein ORP5/8, VAPB, or MOSPD2 interacts with the mitochondrial PTPIP51. ER-resident IP3R is anchored to OMM-localized protein VDAC via GRP75. The ER-localized BAP31 interacts with the mitochondrial Fis1 and TOM40. The IP3R2 located on the ER partners with the mitochondrial protein FUNDC1. The ER chaperone GRP78 interacts with WASF3. Mitochondrial TOM40 directs ATG2A to MAMs. The ER-localized MFN2 interacts with either MFN1 or MFN2 in the mitochondria.