<i>Panax Notoginseng</i> Protects against Diabetes-Associated Endothelial Dysfunction: Comparison between Ethanolic Extract and Total Saponin

<div>AMPK and ER stress modulates the beneficial effect of PNS and PNE on endothelial function. (a, b) Effect of AMPK inhibitor Compound C (5 <i>μ</i>M) on ACh-induced EDRs in mouse aortas treated with high glucose (HG, 30 mM), PNS (10 <i>μ</i>g/mL) and PNE (100 <i>μ</i>g/mL) for 48 h. Effect of pretreatment with ER stress inducer tunicamycin (Tuni, 2 <i>μ</i>g/mL, 24 h) and cotreatment with PNS (10 <i>μ</i>g/mL) or PNE (100 <i>μ</i>g/mL) on (C and D) ACh-induced and (e) SNP-induced relaxations in mouse aortas. Data are <svg height="9.10327pt" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-0.3499298pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.75334 67.6442 9.10327" width="67.6442pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M797 0V26C739 32 732 36 732 103V296C732 394 682 449 605 449C576 449 550 437 529 423C504 407 475 389 446 366C425 418 382 449 334 449C303 449 279 437 253 421C222 403 201 385 180 371V452C135 432 85 419 41 411V388C99 379 102 374 102 310V103C102 38 93 32 27 26V0H238V26C189 32 180 38 180 103V338C210 363 250 390 289 390C351 390 377 348 377 275V103C377 37 368 32 306 26V0H520V26C465 32 456 38 456 101V296C456 314 455 326 453 338C491 369 529 390 565 390C628 390 653 345 653 274V107C653 36 642 32 583 26V0H797Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.595,0)"><path d="M380 106C343 72 306 56 265 56C195 56 116 112 115 248C235 252 361 262 377 265C396 269 400 277 400 297C400 374 333 449 250 449H249C198 449 144 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238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z"></path></g></svg> vs. normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mM with mannitol) or control; <svg height="12.1645pt" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-0.6370001pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5275 49.7858 12.1645" width="49.7858pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M457 455H370L403 612H360L326 455H218L252 612H210L175 455H77L68 394H161L132 257H31L20 196H117L77 19H120L159 196H268L230 19H272L311 196H402L412 257H325L355 394H447L457 455ZM313 394L283 257H175L204 394H313Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.946,0)"><path d="M600 480C600 590 528 650 384 650H143L137 622C222 614 225 607 210 531L130 127C113 41 106 36 23 28L17 0H294L300 28C204 36 195 42 212 127L243 284L314 263C327 263 339 263 352 264C465 271 600 337 600 480ZM508 481C508 351 402 304 329 304C289 304 265 311 250 317L295 559C302 594 310 606 323 611C335 616 350 619 367 619C455 619 508 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Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: <i>Panax Notoginseng</i> Protects against Diabetes-Associated Endothelial Dysfunction: Comparison between Ethanolic Extract and Total Saponin 

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Panax Notoginseng Protects against Diabetes-Associated Endothelial Dysfunction: Comparison between Ethanolic Extract and Total Saponin

Figure 4