Antispasmodic Potential of Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review

Table 2

Antispasmodic mechanism of actions of phytomedicines.

Phytomedicines	Mechanism of action	References
Glycyrrhiza uralensis	Inhibitory action of acetylcholine and histamine-induced contractions	[28]
Plectranthus barbatus	Acetylcholine inhibition	[29]
Nepeta cataria	Cholinergic effect, calcium channel blockade	[30]
Cynara scolymus	Acetylcholine inhibition	[31]
Artemisia vulgaris	Blockade of muscarinic receptors and calcium influx	[32]
Thymus vulgaris	Effect on anticholinergics and serotonergic pathways	[33]
Radix aucklandiae	Inhibition of muscarinic receptors and calcium influx	[34]
Allium elburzense	Decrease the activities of methanogenesis	[35]
Eucalyptus camaldulensis	Inhibit the formation of prostaglandins and cytokines	[36]
Allium cepa	Spasmolytic effect via calcium channels	[37]
Zygophyllum gaetulum	Inhibition of muscarinic receptor and calcium influx	[38]
Galphimia glauca	GABAergic effect	[39]
Tylophora hirsuta	Calcium channel blockade	[40]
Prangos ferulacea	Inhibit the response of KCl by calcium channel blockage	[41]
Hypericum perforatum	Reduces intestine motility	[42]
Pycnocycla spinosa	Inhibitory effect on both KCl and EFS responses	[43]
Anethum graveolens	Potassium channel opening
Matricaria recutita	Ca^+2 channel blockage, NO release, ACh receptors, and PKA2 activation	[44]
Viburnum prunifolium	Effects on cholinesterase	[45]
Valeriana procera	Block the autonomic receptors, acting as musculotropic agents	[46]
Zingiber officinale	Antihistaminergic, antiserotonergic	[47]
Artemisia monosperma	Changes in Ca^+2 metabolism	[48]
Drosera rotundifolia	Affecting allosteric binding site of the muscarinic M3 receptors, inhibit neutrophil elastase	[49]
Tamarindus indica	Calcium channel blockade	[50]
Moringa oleifera	Inhibited acetylcholine-induced contractions	[51]
Matricaria recutita	Calcium channel blockade	[52]