Probiotics Fermentation Technology, a Novel Kefir Product, Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice

Figure 9

Histological sections of H & E staining in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the experimental groups; where sham control mouse showed normal histological structure of the cerebral cortex (a) (magnification ×10) and hippocampus (b) (magnification ×4). STZ model group brain showed neuronal degeneration and neuronophagia (arrows) (c) (magnification ×40), perivascular lymphocytic cuffing in the cerebral cortex (d) (magnification ×20), thickened blood vessel wall (arrow) (e) (magnification ×40), expanded meninges by extensive hemorrhage and inflammatory exudates (f) (magnification ×20), dark shrunken degenerated neurons in CA3 and CA4 of the hippocampus (g), and endothelial capillary proliferation in the striatum (h) (magnification ×20). Mice receiving simvastatin showed apparently normal structure of the cerebral cortex (i) (magnification ×20), small aggregation of lymphocytes (j) (magnification ×20), endothelial capillary proliferation in the hippocampus (arrow) (k) (magnification ×10), and apparently normal neurons in the different CA regions (l) (magnification ×20). PFT (100 mg/kg) brain revealed thickening of blood vessels wall with diffuse gliosis (m), diffuse astrogliosis with lymphocytic infiltration in the cerebral cortex (n), vascular congestion in the cerebral cortex (o), and vascular congestion in the striatum layer (p) (magnification ×20). Brain of PFT (300 mg/kg) showed vascular congestion in the cerebral cortex (q) (magnification ×10), and apparently normal neurons and few scattered degenerated neurons in the CA1 of the hippocampus (r) (magnification ×20). Brain of PFT (600 mg/kg) displayed apparently normal cerebral cortex (s) and individual degenerated neurons in the CA3 of the hippocampus (t) (magnification ×20).