Low-Intensity Exercise Routine for a Long Period of Time Prevents Osteosarcopenic Obesity in Sedentary Old Female Rats, by Decreasing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Increasing GDF-11

Figure 6

Redox state and oxidative damage. The redox status was determined by quantifying the GSH/GSSG ratio. The concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were determined by HPLC using the gastrocnemius muscle obtained from animals of the two experimental groups at their euthanasia (4, 8, 12, 18, 22, and 24 months), as described in Materials and Methods (a). The GSH/GSSG ratio is the (). Oxidative damage was determined by quantifying oxidized proteins. The determination was carried out spectrophotometrically by determining the carbonyls in the proteins as detailed in Materials and Methods (b). Comparisons were made using a Student -test. The significance value is indicated in each group (, , and ).

(a)

(b)