Prunus mume Seed Exhibits Inhibitory Effect on Skin Senescence via SIRT1 and MMP-1 Regulation

Figure 1

Classical features of the unripe fruit, ripe fruit, and ripe seed of Prunus mume. The unripe (a) and ripe (b) fruits were harvested on June 10 and July 12, 2016, respectively, at a local farm (GPS: 35.737666, 129.141598) near Gyeongju, Korea. The ripe fruit was divided into firm outer parts (c) and soft inner parts (d). (e) The aqueous extracts of unripe flesh (PmUF), ripe flesh (PmRF), and ripe seed (PmRS) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. (f) Isocratic analysis was performed to measure the flavonoids. The flow rate was set at 1.5 ml/min with a mobile phase of acetonitrile : distilled water (DW; 20 : 80 ), and absorbance was measured at 218 nm. A: gallic acid, B: (−)-epigallocatechin, C: catechin gallate, D: (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, E: caffeine, F: (−)-epicatechin, and G: (−)-epicatechin gallate. (g) Gradient analysis was performed to measure amygdalin. The flow rate was set at 1 ml/min with a gradient between solvent A (water-acetic acid, 97 : 3 ) and solvent B (100% of methanol). The sample (10 μl) was injected into a C₁₈ column maintained at 30°C. For the measurement of flavonoids, the flow rate was set at 1.5 ml/min with mobile phase acetonitrile : DW (20 : 80 ), and absorbance was measured at 218 nm.

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