Immunotherapy Using Oxygenated Water and Tumor-Derived Exosomes Potentiates Antitumor Immune Response and Attenuates Malignancy Tendency in Mice Model of Breast Cancer

Figure 3

Comparison of tumor growth and mRNA expression of HIF-1α, VEGF-A, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the tumor loci of control and treatment groups with oxygenated water and/or exosomes. Injection of oxygenated water via the intratumoral and/or intraperitoneal route was performed on a daily basis. Exosomes were administered via the subcutaneous route every three days. Tumor dimensions were measured using a caliper (vernier) every other day, and tumor size was calculated as described in TEX. Three days after the last injection, the animals were euthanized, tumor was isolated, RNA was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized. Real-time PCR using Cyber Green was performed and the quantification of each gene was normalized against HPRT as the reference gene. Significant difference vs. control according to line color (). Data are presented as . TEX: tumor-derived exosome.

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