Salivary Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Stroke Patients: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice

Figure 3

Saliva as a source of redox/inflammatory biomarkers in stroke patients. Recent reports indicate the usefulness of salivary redox biomarkers in many systemic diseases, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Saliva secreted by the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands is a plasma filtrate that is rich in antioxidants and cellular oxidation products. In general, concentrations of many redox biomarkers in saliva reflect their levels in blood.