Pharmic Activation of PKG2 Alleviates Diabetes-Induced Osteoblast Dysfunction by Suppressing PLCβ1-Ca²⁺-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Figure 1

Impaired proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation capability of osteoblast in T2DM medium. (a) The morphology of osteoblast, left: primary culture, right: passages P3. . (b) The identification of osteoblast, left: ALP staining, right: Alizarin red Staining. . (c) EDU staining was performed to test the osteoblasts undergoing DNA replication. Red, EDU positive nucleus. Blue, all nucleus. . (d) The quantification analysis of EDU-positive cells. (e) Cytoskeleton (red) was stained by rhodamine-phalloidin, and nucleus (blue) was stained by DAPI. . (f) Flow cytometer analysis was conducted to detect cells apoptosis. (g) The quantification analysis of apoptosis rate. (h) ALP activity assay after 7 days induction. (i) ALP staining (upper) and Alizarin red staining (lower) after 7 days or 28 days induction. (j) The protein levels of COL1, ALP, and RUNX2 were detected by western blot after 7 days induction. Data were presented as from at least three independent experiments. : . RP: rhodamine-phalloidin.

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