Pleiotropic Properties of Valsartan: Do They Result from the Antiglycooxidant Activity? Literature Review and In Vitro Study

Table 2

The effects of valsartan, Trolox, NAC, ALA, captopril, aminoguanidine, or metformin addition to BSA + fructose solution on protein oxidation, glycooxidation, and antioxidant activity.

	BSA	BSA + Fru	BSA + Fru + valsartan	BSA + Fru + Trolox	BSA + Fru + NAC	BSA + Fru + ALA	BSA + Fru + captopril	BSA + Fru + aminoguanidine	BSA + Fru + metformin
Protein oxidation
Total thiols		100
PC		100
AOPP		100
Protein glycooxidation
Tryptophan		100
Kynurenine		100
N-Formylkynurenine		100
Dityrosine		100
Albumin glycation
Amyloid-β structure		100
Fructosamine		100
AGE		100
Albumin antioxidant activity
TAC		100
DPPH		100
FRAP		100

Abbreviations: AGE: advanced glycation end products; ALA: alpha-lipoic acid; AOPP: advanced oxidation protein products; BSA: bovine serum albumin; DPPH: 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity; FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant power; Fru: fructose; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; PC: protein carbonyls; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; vs. control; vs. control; vs. control; vs. control.