Mitochondrial Protection and Against Glutamate Neurotoxicity via Shh/Ptch1 Signaling Pathway to Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction by Kaixin San in Multi-Infarct Dementia Rats

Figure 4

Effects of KXS on the concentration of glutamate and expression of p-NMDAR1 in MID rats and anti-glutamate neurotoxicity in vitro. (a) Concentration of glutamate in MID rats brain tissue (, ). (b) Representative western blot images of p-NMDAR1 and NMDAR1. (c) Quantification of p-NMDAR1/NMDAR1 ratio (, ). (d) The viability of the different doses of glutamate in PC12 cells (, ). (e) The viability of the different doses of KXS in PC12 cells (, ). (f) The viability of the different doses of hydergine in PC12 cells (, ). , , and compared with the model group. Comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test.