Long-Term Administration of Abacavir and Etravirine Impairs Semen Quality and Alters Redox System and Bone Metabolism in Growing Male Wistar Rats

Table 4

Effect of 16-week administration of abacavir and etravirine on semen parameters (AB group: group receiving abacavir 60 mg/kg for 16 weeks; ET group: group receiving etravirine 40 mg/kg for 16 weeks; DFI: DNA fragmentation index; HDS: high DNA stainability. Results presented as median (lower quartile–upper quartile); ^abacavir vs. control group, ; etravirine vs. control group, ).

		Control group	AB group	ET group
Total sperm count [mln]		58.9 (40.7-87.6)	64.2 (54.4-84.1)	63.8 (42.8-75.6)
Sperm concentration [mln/ml]		73.7 (50.8-109.5)	80.3 (68.0-102.1)	79.8 (53.5-94.6)
Subjective motility [%]		57.5 (55-65)	62.5 (50-65)	62.5 (52.5-65)
Sperm morphology	Morphologically normal [%]	93.0 (87.2-93.2)	88.6 (87.2-92.2)	92.9 (83.6-96.1)
	Proximal droplet [%]	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0)
	Distal droplet [%]	0.75 (0-0.75)	0.62 (0.25-1.50)	0.5 (0.37-0.75)
	Head abnormalities [%]	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0.25)	0 (0-0.37)
	Detached head [%]	2.5 (2-3)	2.87 (2.5-3.5)	1.87 (1.0-4.37)
	Acrosome abnormalities [%]	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0)
	Midpiece defects [%]	2.25 (1-6.2)	5.5 (2.2-6.2)	2.12 (0.87-7.5)
	“Dag-like” defect [%]	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0)
	Bent tail [%]	2 (1-2.7)	1.6 (1.2-3.0)	1.1 (0.37-3.0)
	Coiled tail [%]	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0)
Plasma membrane and acrosome integrity	Live cells with intact acrosome [%]	39.7 (33.9-45.2)	42.3 (32.3-44.9)	44.5 (40.8-50.2)
	Live cells with ruptured acrosome [%]	0.23 (0.1-0.23)	0.17 (0.12-0.31)	0.15 (0.12-0.24)
	Dead cells with intact acrosome [%]	58.9 (52.3-63.7)	56.0 (53.5-66.5)	54.0 (47.9-57.2)
	Dead cells with ruptured acrosome [%]	2.09 (1.28-2.19)	1.57 (1.25-2.05)	1.60 (0.87-2.34)
Mitochondrial activity	High mitochondrial activity [%]	6.54 (5.68-7.85)	3.20 (1.71-5.17)	3.25 (1.94-4.72)
	Low mitochondrial activity [%]	93.5 (92.1-94.3)	96.8 (94.8-98.3)	96.7 (95.3-98.0)
Lipid peroxidation	Live without LPO [%]	23.3 (20.0-25.7)	24.7 (22.5-27.3)	24.7 (22.5-27.3)
	Live with LPO [%]	0.06 (0.03-0.21)	0.05 (0.03-0.16)	0.05 (0.03-0.16)
	Dead without LPO [%]	75.7 (73.7-78.2)	74.5 (72.1-76.4)	74.5 (72.1-76.4)
	Dead with LPO [%]	0.79 (0.57-0.82)	0.68 (0.51-1.15)	0.68 (0.51-1.15)
Apoptosis and necrosis	Live cells [%]	42.6 (31.0-44.2)	48.8 (45.7-51.9)	54.3 (41.0-60.3)
	Dead cells [%]	55.1 (54.5-65.5)	48.5 (45.4-51.0)	43.3 (38.4-55.2)
	Apoptotic and necrotic cells [%]	1.64 (1.28-2.09)	1.85 (1.72-2.27)	2.20 (1.33-4.56)
	Apoptotic cells [%]	0.61 (0.07-0.82)	0.75 (0.12-1.25)	0.06 (0.02-0.12)
Chromatin status	DFI [%]	0.85 (0.61-1.00)	1.56 (1.18-2.00)^
	HDS [%]	18.5 (10.5-20.5)	8.0 (6.5-12.1)	12.1 (11.6-18.6)