Ionizing Radiation Upregulates Glutamine Metabolism and Induces Cell Death via Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species

Figure 2

Ionizing radiation upregulates glutamine metabolism in tumor cells. MCF-7 cells were irradiated with 1 Gy and 10 Gy carbon ions. After 2 days, we performed an untargeted metabolome analysis and found that (a) the protein expression of ASCT2 increased in a time-dependent manner under carbon ion irradiation (b). Carbon ions could upregulate the mRNA expressions of ASCT2, GLS, and GLUD in MCF-7 cells, by real-time quantitative PCR detection (c). X-rays induced the increase of extracellular ATP secretion in MCF-7 cells, by ELISA detection (d). SLC7A11 gene was analyzed based on sample types in the TCGA database (e). The protein expression of SLC7A11 decreased in a dose-dependent manner under X-ray irradiation (f). ELISA detection revealed that X-ray irradiation reduced the GSH production in MCF-7 cells (g). of triplicate assessments, one-way repeated ANOVA test, , and (b). One-way ANOVA with post hoc Dunnett test, , , and (c, d). Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test, , , and (e). One-way ANOVA with post hoc Dunnett test, , , and (f, g).

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