DL0410 Alleviates Memory Impairment in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Rats by Suppressing Neuroinflammation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway

Figure 2

DL0410-improved D-gal weakened learning and memory function in rats. Rats were treated following the methods as described above (). (a) Number of autonomic activities among groups administered D-galactose, donepezil, and DL0410, and there were no notable differences. (b–g) The effect of DL0410 on spatial learning and memory of rats in the MWM test. (b)The rats were trained for four consecutive days, and the escape latency time (s) during training was recorded everyday. (c) Administration of D-galactose, donepezil, and DL0410 had no effect on swimming speed of rats. For the space exploration test, the searching distance (d), latency into platform (e), and the platform area crossings (f) were calculated on day 5. (g) The representative search routes for different groups of rats on the fourth day of the training period. (h, i) The effects of DL0410 on learning and memory of rats in the step-down test. (h) DL0410 was able to prolong the latency of rats stepping onto the stainless-steel grid floor. (i) DL0410 reduced the error times of rats jumping off the rubber platform. (j) The discrimination index during the test session of NOR memory test. Data are the (). ^#, ^##, ^### vs. the control group, , , vs. the model group.

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