[Retracted] Natural Antioxidants Improve the Vulnerability of Cardiomyocytes and Vascular Endothelial Cells under Stress Conditions: A Focus on Mitochondrial Quality Control

Figure 3

Mechanism of natural antioxidants in improving the vulnerability of cardiomyocytes/endothelial cells under stress by regulating mitochondrial quality control (MQC). (1) Different stress conditions can mediate severe oxidative stress damage and lead to MQC disorder, which further leads to increased vulnerability and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. This mechanism is reflected in many cardiovascular and microcirculation diseases. (2) Natural antioxidants can improve the quality and quantity of mitochondria by inhibiting the abnormal opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (mPTP), regulating the balance of mitochondrial lysis/fusion, regulating mitochondrial autophagy, and improving the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It can also improve the vulnerability of myocardial cells and endothelial cells under stress, and provide a good reference for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and other vascular diseases. H/R: hypoxia/reoxygenation; I/R: ischaemia/reperfusion; 8-OHdG: 8-2-hydroxydeoxyguanosine.