The Beneficial Impact of the Black Chokeberry Extract against the Oxidative Stress in the Sublingual Salivary Gland of Rats Intoxicated with Cadmium

Figure 2

The effects of cadmium (Cd) and chokeberry extract (ChE) on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the sublingual salivary gland of female rats. The females received cadmium in the amount of 1 and 5 mg Cd/kg feed and/or 0.1% ChE. Data are presented as median, 25–75% confidence interval, and minimum and maximum for eight rats in each group (in Figure S2 in Supplementary Materials, the data are presented as individual points for each of eight rats per group). Statistically significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis post hoc test) versus ^athe control group, ^bthe ChE group, ^cthe Cd₁ group, ^dthe Cd₁+ChE group, and ^ethe Cd₅ group, where , ^†, and ^‡. Numerical values above or below the points presenting the median values reveal the percentage changes or factors of changes versus the respective control group (↓, decrease) or the appropriate group that did not receive ChE during the treatment with cadmium (↗, increase).