The Beneficial Impact of the Black Chokeberry Extract against the Oxidative Stress in the Sublingual Salivary Gland of Rats Intoxicated with Cadmium

Figure 3

The effects of cadmium (Cd) and chokeberry extract (ChE) on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the sublingual salivary gland of female rats. The females received cadmium in the amount of 1 and 5 mg Cd/kg feed and/or 0.1% ChE. Data are presented as median, 25–75% confidence interval, and minimum and maximum for eight rats in each group (in Figure S3 in Supplementary Materials, the data are presented as individual points for each of eight rats per group). Statistically significantly different (Kruskal-Wallis post hoc test) versus ^athe control group, ^bthe ChE group, ^cthe Cd₁ group, and ^ethe Cd₅ group, where and ^†. Numerical values above or below the points presenting the median values reveal the percentage changes versus the respective control group (↑, increase) or the appropriate group that did not receive ChE during the treatment with cadmium (↘, decrease).