Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Potential of NADPH Oxidases in Ischemic Stroke-Induced Oxidative Stress

Figure 2

Schematic illustration of the activation mechanism of NOX1/4. NOX1 activation depends on NOXA1, NOXO1 (which is phosphorylated by PKA/PKC), Rac, and p22phox. The activated NOX1 generates superoxides at the expense of DPH; NOX4 activation requires p22phox and predominantly catalyzes the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Abbreviations: PKC: protein kinase C; PKA: protein kinase A.