Circular RNAs: Novel Players in the Oxidative Stress-Mediated Pathologies, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets

Figure 2

Roles of different circRNAs in different cardiovascular pathologies. (a) In myocardial infarction, both circANAX and circNCX1 mediate the effect of OxS resulting from I/R through the expression of proapoptotic proteins. (b) circAmotl1 and circITCH alleviate Dox-induced cardiomyopathy. circAmotl1 binds AKT1 and PDK1 proteins leading to AKT1 phosphorylation, activation, and nuclear translocation. Then, AKT activates transcription factors that enhance cell longevity and mitigate senescence. circITCH tethers miRNAs leading to the release of proteins that suppress the OxS. (c) circFoxO3 is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy through capturing proteins that typically hinder this process. These proteins normally prevent OxS or counteract its effects on cell senescence. (d) Oxidative stress increases the expression of cZNF609 in vascular endothelial cells. This circRNA tethers miRNA, releasing the MEFA2 protein expression, which is a transcription factor.

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