Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Involvement in Red Blood Cell Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease

Figure 3

Reactive oxygen species production from superoxide anion radical and biological material damage by ROS. O₂^•-, a precursor of other ROS, such as H₂O₂, which can oxidize chloride to HClO in the presence of MPO, ¹O₂ from HClO, and NO which produce ONOO^- and HO^• release in the Fenton reaction.