Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Involvement in Red Blood Cell Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease

<div>Red blood cell membrane damage from internal and external sources and hemoglobin (Hb) release. Ferryl (Hb[FeIV=O]) and ferryl radical form of hemoglobin (Hb[FeIV=O‧‧‧Tyr<sup>•</sup>]). MDA: malondialdehyde; 4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal.</div>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Figure 4

Figure 4: Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Involvement in Red Blood Cell Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease 