Mitochondrial-Targeting Antioxidant SS-31 Suppresses Airway Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Cigarette Smoke

Figure 8

SS-31 alleviates CS-induced phosphorylation of ERK and P38. (a) Protein levels of ERK, P-ERK, P38, and P-P38 were detected by western blot. (b) Activation of these signaling molecules was evaluated based on the ratio of the density of phosphorylated protein to total protein ( per group). and vs. control; ^#, ^##, and ^### vs. CS. Abbreviations: CS: cigarette smoke; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; P-ERK: phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase; P-P38: phosphorylated P38; SS-31 (H): high-dose SS-31 (5 mg/kg); SS-31 (L): low-dose SS-31 (2.5 mg/kg).

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