Impaired Autophagy Induced by oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI Complex through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and eNOS Signaling Pathways Contributes to Endothelial Cell Dysfunction

Figure 1

Protein expression analysis and TEM observation of the effect of oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex on endothelial cell autophagy. HUVECs and bEnd.3 cells were incubated with oxLDL, oxLDL/β2GPI, oxLDL/anti-β2GPI, β2GPI/anti-β2GPI, and oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex for 24 h. Western blotting analysis and quantification of p62, Beclin1, and LC3 in HUVECs (a) and bEnd.3 cells (b). Representative images (magnification, ×3000) and quantification from TEM showing the autophagy lysosome or autophagosomes in HUVECs (e) and bEnd.3 cells (f). The red arrows indicating autophagy lysosome or autophagosome and the black arrows indicating double nuclear membrane. Scale bar: 1.0 μm. , , , and indicate statistically significant differences. ns: nonsignificant differences. All values are denoted as from five independent experiments (), and a representative blot/image was shown.

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