Impaired Autophagy Induced by oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI Complex through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and eNOS Signaling Pathways Contributes to Endothelial Cell Dysfunction

Figure 6

Activation of autophagy decreases oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex-induced expressions of endothelial inflammatory cytokines. HUVECs were incubated with oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex, oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex + rapamycin (1 μM, autophagy activator), and 3-MA (5 mM, autophagy inhibitor) for 6 h for mRNA detection and 24 h for protein detection. The expressions of IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), and ICAM-1 at the mRNA level (c). Protein secretion of IL-1β (d) and IL-6 (e) was quantified in the cell supernatant by ELISA. ICAM-1 expression was detected using western blotting analysis (f). , , , and indicate statistically significant differences. ns: nonsignificant differences. All values are denoted as from five independent experiments ().

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)