Photobiomodulation Therapy Ameliorates Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Mice with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression

Figure 5

PBMT promotes AMPA receptor insertion through activation of PKA in CORT-treated primary neurons. (a) CORT induced reduced viability of primary cultured neurons in dose-dependent manners as measured using the CCK-8 assay. The ordinate represents the percentage of cell survival compared with controls. (b) Primary neurons were exposed to 100 μΜ CORT followed by irradiation with PBMT at 1 J/cm², 2 J/cm², or 4 J/cm², respectively. Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 assay after 24 h. (c) Representative western blot and quantification analysis of surface levels of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 in 100 μΜ CORT-treated primary neurons. (d) Representative western blot and quantification analysis of the dose-dependent effect of PBMT on surface levels of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 expression after 24 h. (e) Representative western blot and quantification analysis of surface GluA1 stimulated with CORT and/or PBMT in the preference of H89 (20 μΜ) and KN93 (10 μΜ) in primary neurons. (f) Representative immunofluorescent images of surface GluA1 (red) in neurons under the indicated treatments. Staining with DAPI (blue) to visualize the nucleus. Scale bar: 20 μm. (g, h) Representative western blot and quantification analysis of S845, PKA, and p-PKA stimulated with CORT and/or PBMT in the preference of H89 (20 μΜ) and KN93 (10 μΜ) in primary neurons. (i) Schematic representation of the signaling pathway for PBMT ameliorates glutamatergic dysfunction. All the data represent . , , and . Significant differences were analyzed by the two-sided unpaired Student’s -test for two-group comparisons and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. CORT: primary neurons treated with corticosterone.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)