The Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Quercetin on Metabolic Diseases: Pharmacological Data and Clinical Evidence

Table 1

Natural sources of quercetin.

Category	Family	Sources	Used part	Content of quercetin (mg/g)	References
Diet	Ericaceae	Bog whortleberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.)	Fruit	0.158	[19]
		Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.)		0.146
		Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos Linnaeus)		0.12
	Apiaceae	Parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss)	Herb	4.20	[20]
		Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)		6.10
	Poaceae	Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf)		0.12
	Lamiaceae	Mint (Mentha canadensis Linnaeus)		10.80
	Amaryllidaceae	Onion (Allium cepa L.)	Bulb	0.054-0.286	[21]
	Rosaceae	Apple (Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh.)	Fruit	0.047	[22]
		Cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G. Don)		0.026
	Fabaceae	Caper (Tamarindus indica L.)		2.34
	Brassicaceae	Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Linnaeus)	Flower	0.025
	Solanaceae	Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)	Fruit	0.177-0.507
		Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller)		0.046
	Asteraceae	Red lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. ramosa Hort.)	Leaves	0.403
	Asparagaceae	Asparagus (Asparagus schoberioides Kunth)	Algae	0.076
	Vitaceae	Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)	Fruit	0.014
	Theaceae	Black tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze.)	Leaves	2.05-2.556	[23]
Medicinal plants	Polygonaceae	Polygonum orientale L.	Fruit	63.60	[24]
	Rosaceae	Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge	Leaves and fruit	Leaves: 9.31; fruit: 13.27	[25, 26]
	Fabaceae	Sophora japonica L.	Bud and flower	Bud: 5.68; flower: 5.20	[27, 28]
	Araliaceae	Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms	Root	1.40	[28]
	Ginkgoaceae	Ginkgo biloba L.	Leaves	33.0
	Myrtaceae	Psidium guajava L.	Leaves	3.62	[29]
	Cucurbitaceae	Momordica charantia L.	Fruit	1.44
	Aquifoliaceae	Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng	Leaves	2.82
	Polygonaceae	Polygonum perfoliatum (L.)	Herb	3.07	[30]
	Phyllanthaceae	Phyllanthus emblica L.	Fruit	0.071	[31]
	Convolvulaceae	Cuscuta chinensis Lam.	Seed	0.26	[32]
	Myrtaceae	Baeckea frutescens L.	Leaves	1.10	[33]
	Loranthaceae	Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser	Stem with leaves	0.53	[34]
	Ranunculaceae	Clematis brevicaudata DC.	Herb	1.51	[35]
	Lamiaceae	Dracocephalum moldavica L.	Root	4.48	[36]
	Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia helioscopia L.	Leaves, stem, and root	Leaves: 1.42; stem: 0.021; root: 0.044	[37]
	Brassicaceae	Brassica rapa L.	Root	0.20	[38]