Pentoxifylline Enhances Antioxidative Capability and Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice by Increasing Nrf2 and PGC-1α through the cAMP-CREB Pathway

Figure 3

Effects of PTX administration on mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus of D-gal-induced aging mice. Using EM, mitochondrial ultrastructure images were collected from the (a) WT-CON, (b) WT-D-gal, and (c) WT-D-gal-PTX groups.  nm. Quantitative morphometric measurements of the average level of (d) mitochondrial number and (e) mitochondrial size based on an analysis of 5 images per sample from each group (). (f) CS activity and (g) mtDNA copy number were tested to measure mitochondrial content among the three groups (). Data are expressed as the and .

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