Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and NADPH Oxidase: Implications in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Figure 1

NOX activation in brain microglia in Alzheimer’s disease. The microglial NOX2 is upregulated through multiple triggers including Aβ42. Proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and NOX2-derived ROS act in concert to cause further activation of microglia and also neuronal damage linking inflammation and oxidative damage in AD pathology. The potential beneficial effects of NOX2 inhibitors have been indicated (image was created using BioRender).