Research Article

Astaxanthin-Mediated Bacterial Lethality: Evidence from Oxidative Stress Contribution and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Table 1

Docking scores of astaxanthin, ciprofloxacin, and novobiocin against DNA GyrA/GyrB and topo IV ParC/ParE.

TargetsCompoundDocking score (kcal/mol)

DNA gyrase subunit ACiprofloxacin-7.4
Astaxanthin-8.8
DNA gyrase subunit BNovobiocin-8.7
Astaxanthin-8.7
Topoisomerase ParCCiprofloxacin-6.9
Astaxanthin-8.4
Topoisomerase IV ParENovobiocin-6.6
Astaxanthin-6.7