Limonin Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Inflammation and Catabolism in Chondrocytes and Ameliorates Osteoarthritis by Activating Nrf2

Figure 8

Amelioration of OA development in the DMM mouse model in vivo by limonin. (a) Images of mouse knee joints from various experimental groups were taken by digital X-ray. White arrows indicated the calcification of the cartilage surface. (b) Safranin O staining was used to analyze the morphometric differences among the sham group, the DMM group, and the limonin treatment groups (scale bar: 200 μm or 50 μm). (c) OARIS scores of all cartilages are indicated in diagrams (). (d) IHC of Nrf2, HO-1, p65, MMP13, and IL-6 was employed to evaluate the effect of limonin on the cartilage in OA models (scale bar: 50 μm). (e) Quantitative analysis of positive cells in cartilage. (f, g) The protein expression of INOS in the OA model. All results are represented as the . Significant differences among various groups are represented as .

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