Trigonelline Extends the Lifespan of C. Elegans and Delays the Progression of Age-Related Diseases by Activating AMPK, DAF-16, and HSF-1

Figure 4

HSF-1 is required for trigonelline to extend nematode lifespan. (A-F) Survival curves of hsf-1(sy441)I., daf-16(mu86)I., daf-2(e1370)III., akt-1(ok525)V., akt-2(ok393)X., and skn-1(zu67), raised at 20°C on NGM plates containing either no trigonelline or 50 μM of trigonelline in lifespan assays (p >0.05). Lifespan was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and p values were calculated using log-rank test. Statistic details and repeats of these experiments were summarized in Table S4; (G) Relative expression of downstream daf-2 genes in L4 wild-type worms (N2) treated with 50 μM of trigonelline for 24 h. Statistical details and repeats of these experiments were summarized in Table S9.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)