Data-Driven Cluster Analysis of Oxidative Stress Indexes in relation to Vitamin D Level, Age, and Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin Therapy

Table 3

Oxidative biomarkers and ratios in relation to cluster analysis.

	Cluster 1	Cluster 2	Cluster 3	Cluster 4	^1
MPO (ng/L)^†	104.52 (79.51-155.09)	112.45 (70.17-153.99)	92.01 (72.48-158.21)	105.7 (70.34-189.67)	0.787
XO (U/L)^†					0.847^2
AOPP (μM chloramine-T equivalents)^†	121.08 (100.53-318.16)	136.98 (89.03-383.53)	120.59 (93.44-186.69)	114.96 (101.14-133.67)	0.646
MDA (μM/L)^†	3.28 (2.47-3.79)	2.62 (2.41-3.05)^c	3.15 (2.36-4.62)	3.63 (3.12-5.18)	0.008
CAT (cat/L)^†					0.225^2
NOx (μmol/L)^†	50.13 (36.36-65.91)	58.69 (48.47-68.69)	56.36 (45.58-58.97)	50.36 (47.08-61.52)	0.410
TOC (μmol/L)^†	7.77 (2.39-102.65)	6.36 (3.71-39.4)	7.69 (2.56-91.17)	14.31 (5.34-88.3)	0.534
TRC (GAE)^†	0.11 (0.09-0.18)	0.14 (0.1-0.19)	0.17 (0.13-0.31)	0.14 (0.11-0.21)	0.074
TOC/TRC^†	79.74 (14.61-596.81)	42.71 (16.27-305.42)	68.93 (10.32-795.19)	81.76 (21.35-609.38)	0.584
MDA/TRC^†					0.152^2
MDA/TOC^†	0.34 (0.03-1.97)	0.41 (0.09-0.7)	0.52 (0.03-1.85)	0.31 (0.04-0.86)	0.899
AOPP/TRC^†	1244.32 (919.53-1911.55)^b,c	2.44 (1.43-2105.85)^b	690.45 (387.05-1414.54)	912.11 (660.8-1239.08)	0.026
AOPP/TOC^†	14.05 (1.59-80.08)	1241.82 (674.29-85.63)	16.21 (1.16-56.69)	8.01 (1.43-33.57)	0.305
NOx/CAT^†	59.75 (42.65-74.17)	29.07 (3.66-74.72)	66.87 (56.66-73.14)	59.5 (53.17-70.06)	0.358
Albumin/TOC^†	6.22 (0.44-20.78)	70.62 (56.22-12.67)	4.01 (0.33-16.51)	2.82 (0.51-8.57)	0.415
Albumin/TRC^†	^b	^b			0.024^2
TG/TBARS^†	14.25 (11.44-22.71)^a,b	11.19 (8.4-16.18)^c	10.26 (7.47-13.2)^c	15.49 (10.94-21.86)	0.002
TRC/albumin^†	0.23^b (0.17-0.34)	0.27 (0.2-0.37)	0.35 (0.26-0.64)	0.28 (0.22-0.45)	0.05
AOPP/albumin^†	2.56 (2.16-5.85)	2.81 (1.91-7.47)	2.43 (1.94-2.89)	2.31 (2.02-2.66)	0.319

¹Kruskal-Wallis test; ^avs. cluster 2; ^bvs. cluster 3; ^cvs. cluster 4; ^†median (25^th–75^th percentile).