GDF-11 Protects the Traumatically Injured Spinal Cord by Suppressing Pyroptosis and Necroptosis via TFE3-Mediated Autophagy Augmentation

Figure 1

GDF-11 facilitates functional recovery following spinal cord injury. (a) Longitudinal spinal cord sections in the indicated groups on day 28 following SCI were analysed on the basis of Masson staining and HE staining (scale ). (b) Quantitative investigations of Masson-positive lesions within the spinal cord of the respective groups. (c) Photographs (×30) of spinal cord sections in the respective groups stained with an antibody against MAP2 (scale ). (d) MAP2 optical density within a spinal cord subjected to injury on day 28. (e) Photographs (×150) of spinal cord sections subjected to injury (T11-T12) and stained on day 28 with an antibody against SYN/NeuN (scale ). (f) Relevant quantitative results for neuron-contacting synapse amounts. (g) Photographs of mouse footprints on day 28 following spinal cord injury. (h) Basso mouse scale (BMS) scores in the indicated groups and time points. Data are expressed as the , per group. vs. the sham group. and vs. the SCI group.

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