GDF-11 Protects the Traumatically Injured Spinal Cord by Suppressing Pyroptosis and Necroptosis via TFE3-Mediated Autophagy Augmentation

Figure 8

Autophagy inhibition reverses the neuroprotective effects of GDF-11 on SCI. (a) Longitudinal spinal cord sections in the indicated groups on day 28 were analysed on the basis of Masson staining and HE staining (scale ). (b) Quantitative investigation of Masson-positive lesions within the spinal cords of the respective groups. (c) Photographs (×30) of spinal cord sections in the respective groups stained using an antibody against MAP2 (scale ). (d) MAP2 optical density within spinal cords subjected to injury on day 28. (e) Photographs (×150) of spinal cord sections following injury (T11-T12) and stained on day 28 with an antibody against SYN/NeuN (scale ). (f) Relevant quantification results for numbers of neuron-contacting synapses. (g) Photographs of mouse footprints on day 28 following spinal cord injury. (h) Basso mouse scale (BMS) scores in terms of the indicated groups and time points. Data are expressed as the , per group. and vs. the GDF-11 group. and vs. the group.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)