Toxic Prediction of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Structure-Dependent Induction of Apoptosis in HepaRG Cells

Figure 3

Representative data from the HCS assay in which the ROS (a), MMP (b), ER dysfunction (c), Ca²⁺ concentration(d), and lipid accumulation(e) in HepaRG cells treated with different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μM) of 4 PAs for 24 h. After drug exposure, cell viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, disorders of neutral lipid metabolism, and calcium homeostasis were measured. All the parameters are expressed as the fold change compared to the control group. The data are presented as the mean of three replicate wells.

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