Research Article
Toxic Prediction of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Structure-Dependent Induction of Apoptosis in HepaRG Cells
Table 2
Effects of toxicity predictive test on 40 PAs.
| Type | Compounds | Mouse NTPa | Rat NTPa | Amesb | DTPc | LD50 (g/kg) | LOAEL (g/kg) | F | M | F | M |
| Retronecine type | Retrorsine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.320 | 0.001 | Clivorine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.386 | 0.002 | Riddelliine | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.616 | 0.015 | Senecionine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.127 | 0.001 | Usaramine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.264 | 0.002 | Jacobine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.461 | 0.003 | Monocrotaline | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.731 | 0.002 | Seneciphylline | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.264 | 0.002 | Integerrimine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.254 | 0.002 | Senecivernine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.592 | 0.004 | Jacoline | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.230 | 0.001 | Trichodesmine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.324 | 0.004 | Fulvine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.369 | 0.002 | Angularine | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.559 | 0.009 | Crotananine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.592 | 0.004 | 7-Acetylintermedine | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.559 | 0.009 | 7-Acetyllycopsamine | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.356 | 0.003 | Echimidine | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.616 | 0.015 | Echiumine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.122 | 0.001 | Lycopsamine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.239 | 0.001 | Intermedine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.264 | 0.002 | Indicine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.264 | 0.002 | Retronecine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.242 | 0.001 | Lasiocarpine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.555 | 0.001 | Heliosupine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.708 | 0.002 | Heleurine | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.616 | 0.015 | Supinine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.215 | 0.001 | Callimorphine | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.559 | 0.009 | Heliotrine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.056 | 0.001 | Echinatine | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.250 | 0.003 | Rinderine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.486 | 0.001 |
| Platynecine type | Platyphylline | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.443 | 0.002 | Trachelanthamine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.391 | 0.001 | Heliocoromandaline | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.246 | 0.004 | Heliocurassavicine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.404 | 0.001 |
| Otonecine type | Acetylanonamine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.230 | 0.001 | Senkirkine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.275 | 0.001 | Otosenine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.106 | 0.001 | Petasitenine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.264 | 0.002 | Otonecine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.467 | 0.001 |
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In vitro test compound. NTP: U.S. National Toxicology Program rodent carcinogenicity; F: female; M: male; DTP: developmental toxicity potential; LD 50: rat oral LD 50 (g/kg); LOAEL: rat chronic oral LOAEL (g/kg). (noncarcinogen); >0.8 (carcinogen). (nonmutagen); >0.8 (mutagen). (nontoxic); >0.8 (toxic). |