Apelin/APJ-Manipulated CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3β Signaling Works as an Endogenous Counterinjury Mechanism in Promoting the Vitality of Random-Pattern Skin Flaps

Figure 6

DM blocking apelin13-mediated AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling activation in HUVECs. (a) Representative Western blot bands of p-AMPK, t-AMPK, p-GSK3β, t-GSK3β, Nrf2, HO-1, SOD2, Bax, and Bcl2 in different groups. (b–h) Relative expression and phosphorylation ratio. (i–l) CAT, GSH, MDA, and carbonylated protein levels were measured. (m, n) Inflammatory factors IL-1 and TNFα measured by using specific detection kits. The densitometric analysis of all Western blot bands was normalized to total protein and GAPDH. independent experiments. The grouping legends are placed at the bottom of this figure. “” means compared with the normal control group; “#” means compared with the OGD/R group; “@” means compared with the OGD/R+apelin13 group; “&” means compared with the OGD/R+apelin13+DM group. , .

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