Stimulation of Sigma-1 Receptor Protects against Cardiac Fibrosis by Alleviating IRE1 Pathway and Autophagy Impairment

Figure 2

Sig1R is downregulated in the activation of cardiac fibroblasts induced by TGF-β1. Cardiac fibroblasts were randomly divided into two groups. (a) The q-PCR results of COL-1, POSTN, CTGF, and TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts from control and TGF-β1 treatment (TGF-β) groups. ; (b, c) The representative western blot results of POSTN, CTGF, and TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts from control and TGF-β1 treatment (TGF-β) groups. ; (d) Representative images of α-SMA fluorescence of cardiac fibroblasts were shown (the green fluorescence indicates α-SMA and the blue fluorescence indicates the nucleus stained by DAPI). , ; (e, g) The proliferation rate of cardiac fibroblasts was assessed by EdU assay (the red fluorescence indicates cells that incorporated EdU and the blue fluorescence indicates the nucleus stained by Hoechst 33342). , ; (f, h) Scratch wound-healing assay showing cardiac fibroblast migration; images were taken at 0 and 24 h postscratch. Black lines denote the wound borders. . ; (i–k) The mRNA levels of Sig1R were assessed by q-PCR. ; (j, k) The representative western blot result of Sig1R in cardiac fibroblasts from Control and TGF-β1 treatment (TGF-β) groups. ; (l) Representative images of Sig1R fluorescence of cardiac fibroblasts were shown (the green fluorescence indicates Sig1R expression and the blue fluorescence indicates the nucleus stained by DAPI). . . Shown are representative pictures, was determined by unpaired -test. , , . Data represent the .

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