Stimulation of Sigma-1 Receptor Protects against Cardiac Fibrosis by Alleviating IRE1 Pathway and Autophagy Impairment

Figure 3

Stimulation of Sig1R attenuates cardiac fibroblast activation. Cardiac fibroblasts were randomly divided into four groups: control, TGF-β, FLV, and FLV+TGF-β. (a, b) The representative western blot results of POSTN, CTGF, and TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts from control, TGF-β1 treatment (TGF-β) groups, fluvoxamine treatment (FLV), or fluvoxamine combined with TGF-β1 treatment (FLV+TGF-β) groups. ; (c) Representative images of α-SMA fluorescence in cardiac fibroblasts from different groups. . ; (d, f) The proliferation rate of cardiac fibroblasts from different groups was assessed by EdU assay. , ; (e, g) Scratch wound-healing assay in cardiac fibroblasts from different groups; images were taken at 0 and 24 h postscratch. Black lines denote the wound borders. . ; Shown are representative pictures, was assessed by one-way ANOVA analysis. , , . Data represent the .

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