Stimulation of Sigma-1 Receptor Protects against Cardiac Fibrosis by Alleviating IRE1 Pathway and Autophagy Impairment

<div>Sig1R protects against cardiac fibrosis by regulating autophagic. A representative image autophagosome was observed by transmission electron microscope in cardiac fibroblasts. Scale bar: 10 <i>μ</i>m and 4 <i>μ</i>m.</div>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Figure 8

Figure 8: Stimulation of Sigma-1 Receptor Protects against Cardiac Fibrosis by Alleviating IRE1 Pathway and Autophagy Impairment 