Osthole-Loaded Nanoemulsion Enhances Brain Target in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease via Intranasal Administration

Figure 11

Effects of OST-NE on memory function, oxidative stress, and cholinergic pathway in scopolamine-induced mice. (a) The number crossing the platform during the space exploration in the Morris water maze test. (b) Latency to step to the dark chamber in the light and dark box test. (c–e) Levels of oxidative stress markers (SOD, MDA, and GSH-Px) in the serum. (f) Ach level in the cerebral cortex. (g) AchE level in the hippocampus. (a, b) per group, (c–g) per group. ^# and ^## vs. vehicle group, and vs. scopolamine group. Drug-free NE, blank nanoemulsion.

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