Hydromorphone Protects against CO₂ Pneumoperitoneum-Induced Lung Injury via Heme Oxygenase-1-Regulated Mitochondrial Dynamics

Figure 1

Hydromorphone alleviates pneumoperitoneum-induced lung injury in mice. (a) Schematic diagram depicting the animal treatment procedure. C57BL/6 mice were treated with 120 μg hydromorphone or 10 μl 0.9% NS i.p. 1 h after pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. Then, CO₂ insufflation was performed with 15 min after hydromorphone administration. Pneumoperitoneum was maintained for 1 h, and the peritoneal gas was then desufflated. The mice were sacrificed 3 h after the end of pneumoperitoneum. (b) Representative H&E-stained lung tissues of mice. Red arrow indicated intra-alveolar hemorrhage, black arrows indicated inflammatory cell infiltration, green arrow indicated intra-alveolar congestion, and blue arrows indicated thickening of the alveolar wall. Original magnification, ×200, scale bar: 100 μm. Lung injury scores are shown in box plots (25th to 75th percentiles; the horizontal lines represent the median, maximum, and minimum values). values were calculated by the independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test. (c) Relative myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the sera of mice in different treatment groups. The data are the . values were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction. (d–f) The relative total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). The data are the . values were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction ( to 6 per group).

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