Hydromorphone Protects against CO₂ Pneumoperitoneum-Induced Lung Injury via Heme Oxygenase-1-Regulated Mitochondrial Dynamics

Figure 2

Hydromorphone ameliorates changes in mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial function following pneumoperitoneum-induced lung injury. (a) Relative mtDNA content ( per group). Real-time PCR was used to quantify absolute mtDNA and nDNA levels. mtDNA expression was normalized to nDNA expression in each tissue sample. The data are the . values were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction. (b) Pneumoperitoneum-induced mitochondrial swelling and the effect of hydromorphone administration. The data are the . values were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction ( per group). (c) Representative transmission electron micrographs showing the ultrastructure of mitochondria in lung tissues ( per group). The red arrows indicated swollen, vacuolar, and fragmented mitochondria. Scale bars: 1 μm.

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