Hydromorphone Protects against CO₂ Pneumoperitoneum-Induced Lung Injury via Heme Oxygenase-1-Regulated Mitochondrial Dynamics

Figure 5

Hydromorphone protects against CO₂ pneumoperitoneum-induced lung injury via HO-1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics. (a) Representative transmission electron micrographs showing the ultrastructure of mitochondria in lung tissues ( per group). The red arrows indicated swollen, vacuolar, and fragmented mitochondria. Scale bars: 2 μm. (b) Mitochondrial swelling in pulmonary mitochondria isolated from experimental mice. The data are the . values were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction ( per group). (c) Relative mtDNA content ( per group). The data are the . values are calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction. (d) Representative immunoblots of (e) Mfn1, (f) Mfn2, (g) OPA1, (h) Drp1, and (i) Fis1 in lung tissues ( per group). The data are the . All values were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction.

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