Bioactive Compounds from Kefir and Their Potential Benefits on Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Figure 2

Mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds in milk kefir. EPS: exopolysaccharide; MPO: myeloperoxidase; ZO-1: zonula occludens-1; IL: interleukin; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-α; NO: nitric oxide; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell; ROS: reactive oxygen species; MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Hp: haptoglobin-2; Wfdc21: Wfdc21 protein; Fabp4: fatty acid-binding protein 4; Fasn: fatty acid synthase; SCFA: short-chain fatty acid; Cyto-c: cytochrome c; BAX: BCL2-ssociated X protein; BAD: BCL2-associated agonist of cell death.