| | Type of kefir | Microbial diversity | Source of kefir culture | References |
| | Industrial | A. syzygii K03D05, Lb. plantarum K03D08 | Chile | Dinamarca et al., 2021 | | Lb. plantarum CIDCA 83114, Kl. marxianus CIDCA 8154, Streptococcus thermophilus CIDCA 321 | Argentina | Kakisu et al., 2011 | | Kz. unispora, Kodamaea ohmeri, Sc. boulardii, Sc. cerevisiae | Malaysia | Azhar et al., 2019 | | A. fabarum, A. orientalis, D. anomalus, Kl. marxianus, Kz. exígua, Kz. turicensis, Kz. unispora, Lb. kefiranofaciens ssp. kefiranofaciens, Lb. kefiranofaciens ssp. kefirgranum, Lb. kefiri, Lb. helveticus, Lb. paracasei, Lb. parakefiri, Lb. reutrei, Lc. lactis ssp. cremoris, Lc. lactis ssp. lactis, Ln. mesenteroides, Sc. cerevisiae | Germany | Nejati et al., 2020 | | Lb. lactis, Lb. rhamnosus, Lb. plantarum, Lb. casei, Sc. florentinus, Ln. mesenteroides subsp. cremoris, Bif. lactis, Bif. longum, Bif. Breve, Lb. acidophilus, Lb. reuteri, Streptococcus diacetylactis | Canada | Bourrie et al., 2021 |
| | Artisanal | Aspergillus amstelodam, Cordyceps bassiana, Fusarium solani, Lb. casei, Lb. kefiranofaciens, Lb. kefiri, Lb. mali, Lb. paracasei, Lb. satsumensis, Lc. lactis, Lc. lactis ssp. cremoris, Lc. lactis ssp. lactis, Ln. mesenteroides | Brazil | Brasiel et al., 2021 [37]; Leite et al., 2015 [32]; Vieira et al., 2017 [38]; Zanirati et al., 2015 [36] | | Enterococcus durans, Lb. kefiri, Lc. lactis, Ln. mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum | Taiwan | Chang-Liao et al., 2020 | | Lactobacillus sp., Lb. delbrueckii, Lb. kefiri, Lb. paracasei, Lb. plantarum, Lb. sakei, Lc. lactis, Ln. gelidum, Ln. mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus | Russia | Khokhlacheva et al. 2015 [34]; Mantzourani et al., 2019 [39] | | Cryptococcus sp. vega, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Davidiella tassiana, Dekkera bruxellensis, Dioszegia hungarica, Eurotium amstelodami, Ganoderma lucidum, Heterobasidion annosum, Kz. barnettii, Kz. Unispora, Kl. marxianus, Malassezia pachydermatis, Microdochium nivale, Naumovozyma Castelli, Penicillium sp. vega, Peziza campestres, Pichia fermentans, Pichia kudriavzevii, Sc. cerevisiae, Teratosphaeria knoxdaviesii, Wallemia sebi, Zygosaccharomyces lentus | Ireland, United Kingdom, United States, Spain, France, Italy, Canada, Germany | Marsh et al., 2013 [33] | | A. fabarum, A. okinawensis, A. orientalis, Enterococcus durans, Kz. unispora, Kl. marxianus, Lb. diolivorans, Lb. kefiri, Lb. kefirofaciens, Lb. otakiensis, Lb. paracasei, Lc. lactis, Sc. cerevisiae | Turkey | Purutoglu et al., 2020 | | A. orleanensis, A. pasteurianus, Acidocella aluminiidurans, Gluconobacter morbifer, Lb. acidophilus, Lb. apis, Lb. casei, Lb. crispatus, Lb. delbrueckii, Lb. gigeriorum, Lb. helveticus, Lb. kefiranofaciens, Lb. paracasei, Lb. rhamnosus, Lb. ultunensis, Lc. lactis, Lent. Kefiri, Ln. mesenteroides, Streptococcus thermophilus | South Korea, Ireland, Lithuania, Britain, the Caucuses | Sindi et al., 2020 [40] | | Lactobacillus helveticus | Indonesia | Raras et al. 2019 |
| | Artisanal and industrial | A. syzygii, Alternaria tenuissima, Bacillus sporothermodurans, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Didymella negriana, Filobasidium magnus, Hanseniaspora thailandica, Kl. Marxianus, Kz. unispora, Lb. Kefiranofaciens, Lb. parakefiri, Lb. plantarum Lc. lactis, Ln. pseudomesenteroides, Sc cerevisiae, Pichia manshurica, Pichia orientalis, Pichia fermentans, Torulaspora delbrueckii Wickerhamiella pararugosa | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Garofalo et al., 2020 [18] | | A. lovaniensis, A. orientalis, Enterobacter amnigenus, Gluconobacter frateurii, Gluconobacter cerinus, Kz. khefir, Kl. marxianus, Lb. kefiranofaciens, Lb. parakefiri, Lb. kefiri, Lc. lactis, Ln. mesenteroids, Naumovozyma sp. | Belgium | Korsak et al., 2015 [29] |
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