Geniposide Attenuates Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

Figure 6

GEN-mediated activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway reduces NF-κB activation and decreases GFAP production and inflammatory cytokine secretion in the retinas of diabetic mice. DR mouse models were treated with or without GEN. (a, b) The protein expression of Nrf2 in the nucleus was measured by western blotting. vs. the normal group and ^# vs. the DM group. (c–e) The protein expression of HO-1 and NQO1 was measured by western blotting. and vs. the normal group and ^# vs. the DM group. (f) ROS production was measured by an ROS assay kit. (g–j). The protein expression of IκBα, p-IκBα, P65, p-P65, and GFAP was measured by western blotting. vs. the normal group and ^# vs. the DM group. (k–m) ELISA was used to measure the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the retinas of diabetic mice. vs. the normal group and ^## vs. the DM group. /group.

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