Neuroprotective Effect of Ceftriaxone on MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model by Regulating Inflammation and Intestinal Microbiota

Figure 2

Ceftriaxone alleviated MPTP-induced neuropathologic changes in PD mice. (a) Ceftriaxone alleviated the reduction of dopamine neurons on mouse brain induced by MPTP (IF staining of substantia nigra). Western blotting of TH (b), GLT-1 (c), α-syn (d), BDNF (e), and GDNF (f) expression in substantia nigra, β-actin was used as an internal control. C group (), control group; M group (), MPTP group; MCEF group (), MPTP + ceftriaxone group; MCEFF group (), MPTP + ceftriaxone + fecal microbiota transplantation group; FMT group (), fecal microbiota transplantation group, FCEF group (), fecal microbiota transplantation group + ceftriaxone group. Data are presented as means ± SD. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons (b–f, respectively); , . CEF: ceftriaxone; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetra-hydropyridine.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)