Neuroprotective Effect of Ceftriaxone on MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model by Regulating Inflammation and Intestinal Microbiota

Figure 3

Ceftriaxone alleviates MPTP-induced neuroinflammation. (a) Ceftriaxone decreased the expression of GFAP on mouse brain induced by MPTP (IF staining of substantia nigra). (b) Western blotting of GFAP expression in substantia nigra, β-actin was used as an internal control. (c) Ceftriaxone decreased the expression of Iba1 on mouse brain induced by MPTP (IF staining of substantia nigra). (d) Western blotting of Iba1 expression in substantia nigra, β-actin was used as an internal control. (e) Western blotting of TLR-4, MyD88, p-NFκB, and NFκB expression in substantia nigra, β-actin was used as an internal control. C group (), control group; M group (), MPTP group; MCEF group (), MPTP + ceftriaxone group; MCEFF group (), MPTP + ceftriaxone + fecal microbiota transplantation group; FMT group (), fecal microbiota transplantation group, FCEF group (), fecal microbiota transplantation group + ceftriaxone group. Data are presented as means ± SD. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons (b, d, e, respectively); , . CEF: ceftriaxone; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetra-hydropyridine.

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