Implications on the Therapeutic Potential of Statins via Modulation of Autophagy

Table 1

Modulation of autophagy by statins in different disorders.

Disease type	Statin	Target cell/disease	Consequence	Reference
Cancer	Simvastatin	Motoneuron-like NSC34 cells, a model of neuroblastoma	Reduction of autophagic vacuoles and LC3II/I decreased cell survival	[103]
	Simvastatin	Breast cancer cells of MDA-MB-231	Inhibition of autophagy; Reduced survival of breast cancer cells	[86]
	Lovastatin	Malignant mesothelioma ZL55 cancer cells	Stimulation of autophagy; Reduced survival of malignant mesothelioma cells	[87]
	Lovastatin	Human malignant pleural mesothelioma ACC-MESO1 cells	Induction of autophagy; Decreased survival of malignant pleural mesothelioma	[120]
	Lovastatin	Human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor ST88-14 and NF90-8 cells	Perturbation of autophagy flux, induction of nonapoptotic cell death; Decreased survival of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells	[88]
	Atorvastatin	Breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells	Stimulation of autophagy; Inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation	[92]
	Pitavastatin	Human melanoma WM115 and A375 cells	Induction of autophagy; Decreased survival of melanoma cells	[93]
	Rosuvastatin	Human papillary thyroid cancer cells	Suppression of autophagy; Induction of apoptosis in papillary thyroid cancer cells	[94]
Osteoarthritis	Simvastatin	Mouse model of OA	Stimulation of autophagy; Deceleration of OA progression	[97]
Cardiovascular diseases	Pitavastatin	Cardiomyocyte	Suppression of autophagy; Decreased cardiomyocyte injury	[109]
	Simvastatin	Male Sprague-Dawley rat	Suppression of autophagy; Decreased cardiomyocyte injury	[111]
	Atorvastatin	Mouse model of atherosclerosis	Stimulation of autophagy; Suppression of inflammation; Increased stability of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques	[108]
	Rosuvastatin	Myocardial infarction model rat	Induction of autophagy; Improved acute myocardial infarction	[110]
Neurodegenerative diseases	Rosuvastatin	Rotenone-induced neurotoxicity model, PD SH-SY5Y cells	Induction of autophagy; Neuroprotective function against PD	[105]
	Atorvastatin, pitavastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin	In vitro model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced neuroinflammation	Suppression of autophagy; Neuroprotective function	[106]